Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide with the sequence Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro. It was developed by the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences as an analogue of the ACTH(4-7) fragment, which corresponds to a portion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Like Selank, the Pro-Gly-Pro addition enhances its metabolic stability compared to the parent sequence.
Research has examined Semax for its potential interactions with the melanocortin receptor system and its downstream neurotrophic effects. Studies in rodent models have investigated its ability to stimulate the expression and release of BDNF and NGF (nerve growth factor) in various brain regions. Researchers have explored how these neurotrophic effects may influence neuronal survival, plasticity, and performance in memory and learning paradigms.
Preclinical research has examined Semax’s effects on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, which may underlie observed behavioral effects in animal models. Studies have explored its potential to modulate gene expression in the hippocampus and other brain regions involved in cognitive function. Research has also examined its effects on cerebral blood flow regulation and neuroprotection in ischemic brain injury models.
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